At that time, Santa Fe’s population was approximately 5,000 people. New Mexico gained statehood in 1912, with Santa Fe remaining the capital city. Hayes appointed Lew Wallace as a territorial governor to “clean up New Mexico.” Wallace did such a good job that Billy the Kid threatened to come up to Santa Fe and kill him. Corruption in government, however, accompanied the growth, and President Rutherford B. With the arrival of the telegraph in 1868 and the coming of the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe Railroad in 1880, Santa Fe and New Mexico Territory underwent an economic revolution. Sibley was forced to withdraw after Union troops destroyed his logistical trains following the Battle of Glorieta Pass. Two years later, in 1848, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ceding New Mexico and California to the United States.Īs part of the Confederate New Mexico Campaign of the Civil War, Brigadier General Henry Sibley occupied the city, flying the Confederate flag over Santa Fe for 27 days in March and April of 1862. The American flag may be seen on the heights overlooking the town at Fort Marcy.
Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1846 by James Albert, a member of the Corps of Topographical Engineers. There, he built Fort Marcy to prevent an uprising by Santa Fe citizens, though it was never needed. On August 18, 1846, during the early period of the Mexican-American War, an American army general, Stephen Watts Kearny, took Santa Fe and raised the American flag over the Plaza. However, the insurrectionists were soon defeated. In 1837, northern New Mexico farmers rebelled against Mexican rule, killed the provincial governor in what has been called the Chimayó Rebellion (named after a village north of Santa Fe), and occupied the Santa Fe. Before long, Santa Fe would become the primary destination of hundreds of travelers seeking to trade with the city or move further west. William Becknell soon opened the l,000-mile-long Santa Fe Trail, leaving from Franklin, Missouri, with 21 men and a packed train of goods. The Spanish policy of a closed empire ended at this time, and American trappers and traders moved into the region. Santa Fe remained Spain’s provincial seat until 1821 when Mexico won its independence from Spain, and Santa Fe became the capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo, México. The Santa Fe Trail ends in Santa Fe, New Mexico. However, the Spanish policy of a closed empire heavily influenced many people’s lives in Santa Fe during these years because trade was restricted to Americans, British, and French. As a result, Santa Fe citizens allied with the Pueblo Indians, which brought a more peaceful settlement. At this time, Santa Fe grew and prospered as a city but was interrupted by frequent Indian attacks by the Comanche, Apache, and Navajo tribes. The Pueblo Indians occupied Santa Fe until 1693 when Don Diego de Vargas reestablished Spanish control. The conquering Indians then burned most of the buildings in Santa Fe except for the Palace of the Governors and the San Miguel Chapel. However, in 1680, the Pueblo Indians revolted, killing almost 400 Spanish colonists and driving the rest back into Mexico. The Palace of the Governors was built between 16 and is the oldest government building in the country.ĭuring the next 70 years, the Spanish colonists and missionaries sought to subjugate and convert some 100,000 Pueblo Indians in the region. San Miguel Chapel in Santa Fe is the oldest church in the continental United States, constructed around 1610. San Miguel Mission, Santa Fe, New Mexico, by Kathy Alexander.
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